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Gynecology Cancer
Empowering Women's Health
The gynecological cancers are cancers in the cervix, womb, ovaries, vagina and vulva. Of these the cancers of cervix, womb and ovaries are relatively common. Each of these cancers is different in its risk factors, screening options, presentation, and response to treatment and survival rates.
The common symptoms are abnormal vaginal bleeding, pain in lower abdomen, back ache, bloating, loss of appetite and change in urinary and bowel habits. None of these are characteristic of any particular cancer and can happen even in benign conditions.
Screening tests can enable us to detect the disease even before it happens. Screening for cervical cancer by pap smear is extremely effective and enables us to detect changes in the cervix that are precancerous. Effective treatment can be given even before the cancer happens.
Unfortunately there is no reliable, practical and effective means of screening for all the other gynecological cancers. Uterine cancers present with vaginal bleeding early and therefore are diagnosed in early stages where treatment can be very effective. Ovarian cancers many times present quite late. Treatment then depends on the stage of the disease.
The treatment for all cancers depends on the type of cancer and how far it has spread. Common treatment modalities are surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation. Most patients may need various combinations of these modalities. Surgery involves removal of the cancerous mass, commonly the organs involved, the lymph nodes and sometimes adjacent organs that may be involved. Chemotherapy involves the use of drugs and radiation involves the use of high-energy rays (just like X-rays) that kill the cancer cells, or stop them from growing.
Therefore patients need multi-disciplinary approach, highly qualified, and experienced team of experts for the appropriate management to achieve the best results. Dr Sangeeta Agrawal is an expert gynecologist attached to a hospital where the whole team and infrastructure is available for the best treatment.
Learn More about Gynecological Cancers
Cancer of the Ovary
Ovarian cancer is a cancer that originates in the ovaries, often with subtle symptoms like bloating and pelvic pain. It is typically diagnosed late, and treatment usually includes surgery and chemotherapy...
Cancer of the uterus
Uterine cancer is cancer that starts in the lining of the uterus, with symptoms like abnormal bleeding and pelvic pain. Risk factors include obesity and hormonal imbalances...
Cancer of the cervix
Cervical cancer originates in the cervix and is commonly associated with HPV infection. Symptoms may include abnormal bleeding and pelvic pain. Early detection through screenings is crucial...
Colposcopy
Colposcopy is a procedure wherein the doctor examines the cervix (neck of the womb) through a special magnifying device called a colposcope. This allows the doctor to examine the cervix...
Ovarian cysts
Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs on the ovaries, often harmless and asymptomatic. Larger cysts may cause pain or bloating, and while most resolve on their own, treatment may be necessary...
Pap Smear Test
A pap smear is a test done for cervical cancer screening. The cervix is covered with squamous cells. The pap test is a study of the changes in these cells. HPV infection is the commonest cause...
Reproductive Health Risks in the young are unwanted pregnancy, unsafe abortion, STDs, sexual violence and indulgence in sex not by choice
The young indulge in sexual activity impulsively and many a times it is not planned. They may not have a condom or the emergency contraceptive and may not be aware of the need for contraception. Even if they get pregnant they are more likely to not realize that they are pregnant. They may not seek help early as they are scared or shy or simply unaware and are more likely to indulge in unsafe practices for abortion with the help of friends or quacks and are more likely to have complications.
Relationships are not stable in this age group, thereby increasing the risk of sexually transmitted infections including HIV, and their complications such as chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, long term health risks and infertility.
Pregnancy carries a lot more risks for the young. They have more risks of anaemia, pregnancy induced hypertension, addiction, malnutrition, obstructed labour and growth restricted babies.
Most young people do not access and accept contraception services due to lack of access, information, confidentiality, and to the myths associated with them.
